【技術】：安全光栅原理及应用

安全光栅（Safety light curtain）也就是光电安全保护装置（也称安全保护器、冲床保护器、红外线安全保护装置等），一般来说安全光栅成对存在，分为发射端和接收端。
The Safety light curtain is a photoelectric safety protection device (also known as a safety protector, punch protector, infrared safety device, etc.), generally contains an transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal.

中文名 安全光栅、安全保护器、安全装置
外文名 Safety light curtains ,light sensor
用 途 保护人身安全
优 点 避免安全事故
最高安全等级 安全四级

Safety light curtains ,light sensor

简介 Brief

安全光栅是避免人员接近移动机械的一种光电设备，可以避免人员伤亡，这类的移动机械有冲床、卷绕机、码垛机、电梯等。安全光栅可以用来代替传统的机械屏障或是其他方式的机械防护，也可以增加设备的可维修性。配合安全光栅，也可以增加机械设备（像一些半自动设备）的操作性及效率。 

Light curtains are opto-electronic devices that are used to safeguard personnel in the vicinity of moving machinery with the potential to cause harm such as presses, winders and palletisers. Light curtains can be used as an alternative to mechanical barriers and other forms of traditional machine guarding. By reducing the need for physical guards and barriers, light curtains can increase the maintainability of the equipment they are guarding. The operability and efficiency of machinery can also be improved by the use of light curtains by, for example, allowing easier access for semi-automatic procedures.

描述 Description

安全光栅可归类为存在检测设备（presence detection device），其他常见的存在检测设备有对压力敏感的安全垫以及激光扫描器（常用在工业应用的远端控制车辆）。大部分工业安全继电器的主要应用都是用在有机器人的工作站中。

Light curtains fall into a category of equipment known as presence detection devices. Other common presence detection devices are pressure-sensitive safety mats and laser scanners (often used on Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) when in industrial settings). Most important applications of safety relays are in automation industries dealing with robotic cell setup.

安全光栅是由一组传送器及接收器组合而成，传送器会传送一组红外线光束，而接收器会包括许多的光感测器，若物体在传送器和接收器之间，接收器收不到完整讯号，就会送停止讯号给监控的设备。

Light curtains are supplied as a pair with a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter projects an array of parallel infrared light beams to the receiver which consists of a number of photoelectric cells. When an object breaks one or more of the beams a stop signal is sent to the guarded equipment machine.

安全光栅传送器送出的光束是序列的，以特定的频率送出。侦测器只能接收传送器送出的特定频率的特定脉波，因此避免受到其他红外线光源的影响，提高在安全系统中的适用性。

The light beams emitted from the transmitter are sequenced, one after the other, and pulsed at a specific frequency. The receiver is designed to only accept the specific pulse and frequency from its dedicated transmitter. This enables the rejection of spurious infrared light and thus enhances their suitability as components within a safety system.

一般安全光栅会连接到安全继电器上，若侦测到有物体，会自动移除会造成危害的动力来源。配合安全继电器也可以暂时暂停安全光栅的机能，允许物体通过安全光栅，而不产生保护讯号，这适用在一些半自动化的程序中。

Typically, light curtains are connected to a safety relay which will remove motive power from the hazard in the event that an object is detected. Safety relays can be provided with muting functionality which enables the temporary disabling of the safety function to allow objects to pass through the light curtains without tripping the safety relay. This is particularly useful for machinery which has some semi-automatic procedures.

标准 Standards

以下是一些安全光栅相关的标准：
The following partial list of standards should be used for guidance when implementing light curtains:

• ANSIB11.19
• IEC61496-1/-2
• IEC/TS 62046
• ISO13855 (EN 999)

应用 Application

在现代化工厂里，人与机器协同工作，在一些具有潜在危险的机械设备上，如冲压机械、剪切设备、金属切削设备、自动化装配线、自动化焊接线、机械传送搬运设备、危险区域（有毒、高压、高温等），容易造成作业人员的人身伤害。安全性光栅是一种保护各种危险机械装备周围工作人员的先进技术。同传统的安全措施，比如机械栅栏，滑动门、回拉限制等来相比，安全性光栅更自由，更灵活，并且可以降低操作者疲劳程度。通过合理地减少对实体保护的需求，安全性光栅简化了那些常规任务，如设备的安装，维护以及维修。

In the modern factory, people work together with the machine, Therer’e potential dangers in some mechanical equipment, such as Press, shear equipment, metal cutting equipment, automated assembly line, automated welding line, mechanical transfer handling equipment, dangerous areas (toxic, High pressure, high temperature, etc.), which is likely to cause personal injury of the operator. Safety gratings are advanced technologies that protect the staff from a variety of hazardous machinery. With traditional security measures, such as mechanical fences, sliding doors, pull-off restrictions, safety gratings are more flexible, and can reduce the degree of fatigue of operator. The Safety light curtains simplify those routine tasks, such as installation, maintenance, and maintenance of the equipment, such as installation, maintenance, and maintenance of the equipment.

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